HKIA Exam Paper 2 Quiz 21

Corner columns should be tied into the structure at each floor level in orthogonal directions as far as practicable. (Code of Practice for Precast Concrete Construction 2016 – 2.7.8.7 Corner column ties).

Vertical ties to columns and walls, each bearing wall or column should be tied continuously at all levels. The tie should be able to resist a tensile force equal to the maximum design dead and imposed load at the column or wall from any one story. (Code of Practice for Precast Concrete Construction 2016 – 2.7.8.8 Vertical ties to columns and walls).

Flue means a duct through which smoke or other products of combustion or fumes from any cooking apparatus or stove or oven, or vitiated air, pass or are intended to pass for the purpose of reaching the open air. (Building (Construction) Regulations – Part I Regulation 2).

Carriageway means that part of a private street, cul-de-sac or access road used or intended to be used by vehicular traffic. (Building (Construction) Regulations – Part I Regulation 2).

“Cx, Cy” stands for plan dimensions of a column in basis of design/aim of design. (Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete 2013 – 2.1.1 Aim of design).

1.5 Load factor in Transportation of recommended equivalent load factors to account for dynamic forces arising during handling, transportation and erection. (Code of Practice for Precast Concrete Construction 2016 – 2.5.3 Handling and Transportation – Table 2.2).

In effective bearing length, the effective bearing length of a member is lesser of: bearing length of One-half of bearing length plus 100 mm or 600 mm. (Code of Practice for Precast Concrete Construction 2016 – 2.7.9.3 Effective bearing length).

I net bearing width of isolated members the net bearing width for isolated members should be that of non-isolated members plus 20 mm. (Code of Practice for Precast Concrete Construction 2016 – 2.7.9.3 Effective bearing length).

Method D is used to reduce the risk of concrete spalling, A design concrete mix for which it has been demonstrated by local experience or fire testing that no spalling of concrete occurs under fire exposure. (Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete 2013 – Chapter 4 Durability and fire resistance – Methods to reduce risk of concrete spalling).

Class 3 is used in floors where people may congregate. (Code of Practice for Dead and Imposed Loads 2011 – 3.2 Table 3.1).

40 is the maximum percentage reduction of total distributed imposed load on all floors (including roof) carried by the member under consideration. (Code of Practice for Dead and Imposed Loads 2011 – 3.7.3.1 Table 3.11).

Depth means the horizontal dimension of the building parallel to the direction of the wind. (Code of Practice on Wind Effects in Hong Kong 2004 – 2 – Definitions).

5% – 14% is the weight percentage of lime in soda lime silicate glass. (Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Glass 2018 – 4.1.2 Glass Material – Table 4.1).

Wind pressures should not less than 70%. (Code of Practice on Wind Effects in Hong Kong 2004 – 4 – Design wind pressure).

If wind load does not govern, stability should be checked for a minimum notional horizontal force acting at each floor level equals to 1.5% of the characteristic dead load between mid-heights of the story under and above or the roof surface. (Code of Practice for Precast Concrete Construction 2016 – 2.3.1 Stability – General).

All of the above. A, B and C are all necessary provision for wind tunnel testing on static structures. (Code of Practice on Wind Effects in Hong Kong 2004 – Appendix A1).

In calculating the peak gust wind pressure in the wind tunnel, q = 1/2 ρ ⊽² (1+3.7 I)². “I” stands for Turbulence Intensity. (Code of Practice on Wind Effects in Hong Kong 2004 – Appendix A6).

Aero-elastic tests physically simulate the dynamic characteristics of the prototype building. (Explanatory Materials to the Code of Practice on Wind Effects in Hong Kong 2004 – Section 5 Wind tunnel test – Dynamic Structures).

Mega column is a very large column, typically used for outrigger or externally braced tube in high rise structures. (Code of practice for the structural use of steel 2011 – 1.4.2 Structural element definitions).

Sub-frame part of a larger frame segment a portion of the length of a member, between adjacent points that are laterally restrained. (Code of practice for the structural use of steel 2011 – 1.4.2 Structural element definitions).

10 m is the height above site-ground level of the design wind pressure qz (kPa) of 2.01. This is for intermediate values of height, linear interpolation is permitted. (Code of Practice on Wind Effects in Hong Kong 2004 – 4 – Design wind pressure Table 1).

Glass annealed glass, ordinary float glass commonly manufactured by floating the molten glass on a bed of molten tin until it sets. It can be cut by scoring and snapping. It will break into large fragments with sharp edges. (Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Glass 2018 – 1.3 Glossary of terms and condition).

Australia/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 1170.2-1989. Height exceeds 5 times the least plan dimension, and the natural frequency in the first mode of vibration is less than 1.0 Hz. (Explanatory Materials to the Code of Practice on Wind Effects in Hong Kong 2004 – Section 3 Table 3.1 Various Signposts for Dynamically Sensitive Structures).

Effective length for a compression member length between adjacent lateral restraints against buckling about a given axis, multiplied by a factor that allows for the effect of the actual restraint conditions compared to pinned ends. (Code of practice for the structural use of steel 2011 – 1.4.3 Structural behavior definitions).

Global stability, stability of overall structure against buckling, overturning, uplift and sliding. (Code of practice for the structural use of steel 2011 – 1.4.3 Structural behavior definitions).

Lateral restraint for a compression member restraint that prevents lateral movement of the member in a given plane. (Code of practice for the structural use of steel 2011 – 1.4.3 Structural behavior definitions).

Plastic analysis, structural analysis that allows for redistribution of moments in a continuous member or frame due to plastic hinge rotation. (Code of practice for the structural use of steel 2011 – 1.4.3 Structural behavior definitions).

150 m is the height above site-ground level of the design wind pressure qz (kPa) of 3.05. This is for intermediate values of height, linear interpolation is permitted. (Code of Practice on Wind Effects in Hong Kong 2004 – 4 – Design wind pressure Table 1).

Slenderness, the effective length divided by the radius of gyration. (Code of practice for the structural use of steel 2011 – 1.4.3 Structural behavior definitions).

Ductility, ability of a material to undergo plastic deformations. (Code of practice for the structural use of steel 2011 – 1.4.4 Material behavior definitions).